India's shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy necessitates a just transition for its workforce, extending beyond major coal-producing regions to include thermal power plant communities across 22 states. A report focusing on the Kota Super Thermal Power Station (KSTPS) reveals a significant disparity in vulnerability during this transition, particularly between permanent and contractual workers.Permanent employees are largely protected by secure employment, benefits, and transfer or voluntary retirement options. However, contractual workers, especially those in semi-skilled and unskilled roles, face substantial risks due to lower wages, lack of benefits, and job insecurity. Their vulnerabilities are compounded by strenuous work, high occupational health risks (like exposure to coal dust and fly ash), limited access to formal skill recognition, and a demographic concentration of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes, leading to heightened collective vulnerability. Furthermore, their political capital, reflected in limited union participation, hinders their ability to advocate for their rights.The report emphasizes that understanding these differentiated vulnerabilities is crucial for designing inclusive and appropriate policy interventions. Achieving a just transition will require comprehensive socioeconomic risk assessments, participatory approaches, strengthened social safeguards, and responsible governance involving all stakeholders, including plant officials, district administration, labor departments, and associated industries like fly ash brick and cement manufacturers.