Indicc Associates, in collaboration with Doctoral Research Project at Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex, Spray Engineering Devices Limited (SEDL) and Narrative Research Lab hosted a roundtable discussion on "Sustainability of the Sugarcane Value Chain: Balancing Energy Efficiency, Decarbonisation, and Equitable Value Distribution." on February 13, 2025, at Hotel Radisson Blu, Dwarka, New Delhi. The event brought together industry leaders, policymakers, equipment manufacturers, farmers and researchers to explore strategies for enhancing the environmental and economic sustainability of the sugarcane value chain. The discussion examined the evolving role of the sugar industry as a sugar-energy complex, emphasising its diversification into ethanol production, compressed biogas and other value-added byproducts. A holistic approach to sustainability, encompassing both environmental and social dimensions, was central to the roundtable, addressing key challenges such as energy inefficiencies in sugar processing, decarbonisation beyond carbon neutrality, equitable value distribution for farmers, waste management through biochar and biogas and policy & institutional barriers. The roundtable outcomes seek to establish a progressive knowledge consortium, fostering collaboration among stakeholders to drive sustainability in the sugar industry. This report presents key takeaways, offering insights into solutions and transition pathways for a greener and more inclusive sugarcane industry.